Genotypes and subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus circulating in an endemic area in Peru.

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still endemic in Abancay, Peru, two decades after vaccination against hepatitis B started in the area, little is known about the diversity and circulation of genotypes and subgenotypes of the virus. To identify the genotypes and subtypes of HBV circulating in Abancay, complete genome sequences of 11 treatment-naive HBV-infected patients were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted with these and additional sequences from GenBank. Genotyping revealed the presence of genotype F in all the samples from Abancay. Subgenotype F1b was dominant and only one isolate belonged to subgenotype F4, which represents the first description of this subgenotype in Peru. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most subgenotype F1b isolates from Peru clustered in a subgroup along with two sequences from Argentina, whereas two clusters with two HBV/F1b sequences each were indicative of recent epidemiological linkage, but only one could be verified by independent data. These results suggest that the HBV subgenotype F1b seems to be the predominant subgenotype in Abancay, Peru.

Mortalidad por hepatocarcinoma y cirrosis hepática en Apurímac: 2007-2010 / Mortality for hepatocarcinoma and liver cirrhosis in Apurímac: 2007-2010

Objetivo: Determinar las tasas de mortalidad por hepatocarcinoma, cirrosis hepática y hepatitis B aguda, en cinco provincias de Apurímac. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, donde se revisó 2840 diagnósticos Métodos: de fallecimientos de la Oficina de Estadística e Informática de la DIRESA-Apurímac, entre enero del 2007 a diciembre de 2010. Primero se determinó las frecuencias de muerte por patologías y sexo, luego se calculó las tasas de mortalidad (TM) por cada 100 000 habitantes/año y mortalidad proporcional (MP) por cada 100 fallecidos/año. El 5.7% de los Resultados: fallecimientos fue por cirrosis hepática, 1.62% por hepatocarcinoma y 0.42% por hepatitis B aguda. La causa de mayor mortalidad es por cirrosis con una TM según provincia entre 13.2 a 21.0/100 000 y una MP entre 5.3 a 6.3%, seguido del hepatocarcinoma con una TM entre 3.0 a MP entre 0.9 a 2.2%, con 6.9/100 000 y una y finalmente la hepatitis B aguda una TM entre 0.4 a MP entre 0.1 a 1.0%. Las tasas más altas de mortalidad se registran la provincia de 3.5/100 000 y una Abancay y se presenta con mayor frecuencia a partir de los 50 años de edad. En la región Apurímac existen Conclusión: importantes tasas de mortalidad por cirrosis hepática, hepatocarcinoma y hepatitis B aguda.

Objective: to determine mortality rates for liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and acute hepatitis B in five provinces in Apurimac. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study, we reviewed 2 840 deaths diagnoses of the Apurimac Office of Statistics and Informatics, from January 2007 to December 2010. First we determined the frequency of death according to disease and genre, then we calculated the rates of mortality (MR) per 100 000 population/year and proportionate mortality (PM) per 100 deaths/year. 5.7% of the deaths were from liver cirrhosis, 1.62% from hepatocarcinoma and 0.42% due to hepatitis Results: B infection. The cause of higher mortality was cirrhosis with a MR by province from 13.2 to 21.0/100 000 and a MP from 5.3 to 6.3%, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma with a MR from 3.0 to 6.9/100 000 and a MP from 0.9 to 2.2% , finally acute hepatitis B account for a MR from 0.4 to 3.5/100 000 and a MP from 0.1 to 1.0%. The highest mortality rates were recorded in the province of Abancay and occurred most often after 50 years of age. there are significant rates of mortality Conclusion: from liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B infection in the Apurimac region.

[Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B in university students in Abancay, Peru]. / Seroprevalencia de hepatitis viral B en estudiantes universitarios en Abancay, Perú.

To determine the prevalence of serological markers of viral hepatitis B in university students of the city of Abancay, we performed a cross-sectional study on 240 students from three universities, from January to October 2010. Informed consent was requested to every student, an epidemiological record was filled, and a venous blood sample was drawn to determine the presence of HBsAg, total anti - HBcAg, anti - HBe, HBeAg and IgM Anti - HBc by ELISA. A prevalence of 2.5% (six positive samples) was found for HBsAg and of 28.3% (68 positive samples) for anti - HbcAg antibodies. The male sex was associated with the presence of anti - HBcAg (OR = 2.0, 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6). We did not found HBeAg or IgM anti - HBc, however, the 6 HBsAg carriers were anti - HBe positive. In conclusion hepatitis B infection is still a public health problem in Abancay, with a significant prevalence in university students.

Seroprevalencia de hepatitis viral B en estudiantes universitarios en Abancay, Perú / Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B in university students in Abancay, Perú

Para determinar la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos de hepatitis viral B en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Abancay, realizamos un estudio transversal en 240 estudiantes de tres universidades, entre enero a octubre de 2010. Previo consentimiento informado, se llenó, por cada estudiante, una ficha epidemiológica y se tomó una muestra sanguínea para determinar la presencia de HBsAg, anti-HBcAg total, anti-HBe, HBeAg e IgM anti-HBc por el método de ELISA. Se encontró una prevalencia de 2,5 por ciento (seis seropositivos) para el HBsAg y 28,3 por ciento (68 seropositivos) para los anticuerpos Anti-HBcAg. El sexo masculino estuvo asociado con la presencia del anti-HBcAg (OR = 2,0; IC 95 por ciento, 1,2- 3,6). No se encontró la presencia del HBeAg e IgM anti-HBc; los seis portadores del HBsAg fueron anti-HBe positivos. En conclusión, la infección por hepatitis B sigue siendo un problema de salud pública en Abancay, con una prevalencia importante en estudiantes universitarios.

To determine the prevalence of serological markers of viral hepatitis B in university students of the city of Abancay, we performed a cross-sectional study on 240 students from three universities, from January to October 2010. Informed consent was requested to every student, an epidemiological record was filled, and a venous blood sample was drawn to determine the presence of HBsAg, total anti - HBcAg, anti - HBe, HBeAg and IgM Anti - HBc by ELISA. A prevalence of 2.5 percent (six positive samples) was found for HBsAg and of 28.3 percent (68 positive samples) for anti - HbcAg antibodies. The male sex was associated with the presence of anti - HBcAg (OR = 2.0, 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 3.6). We did not found HBeAg or IgM anti - HBc, however, the 6 HBsAg carriers were anti - HBe positive. In conclusion hepatitis B infection is still a public health problem in Abancay, with a significant prevalence in university students.